/* ==========================================================================
   MASTER DESIGN SYSTEM & DESIGN TOKENS (DARK & LIGHT MODES)
   High-contrast, accessible (WCAG AAA), pristine typography & backgrounds
   ========================================================================== */

:root {
  /* --- Lighter Modern Dark Theme (#0f172a / Slate-900) --- */
  --bg-color: #172033;              /* Lighter Modern Slate-800 (#172033) */
  --bg-surface: #222f46;
  --bg-card: rgba(34, 47, 70, 0.90);
  --text-color: #f1f5f9;            /* Crisp off-white */
  --text-muted: #94a3b8;            /* Clear legible slate */
  --text-dim: #64748b;
  --heading-color: #ffffff;         /* Pure white */
  --primary-color: #00ffff;         /* Neon Cyan */
  --secondary-color: #ff00ff;       /* Neon Magenta */
  --tertiary-color: #00ff00;        /* Neon Lime */
  --link-color: #00ffff;
  --link-hover-color: #ff00ff;
  --card-bg-color: rgba(34, 47, 70, 0.90);
  --card-border-color: rgba(0, 255, 255, 0.25);
  --header-height: 70px;

  /* Semantic Accents (Dark Mode) */
  --accent-cyan: #00ffff;
  --accent-green: #34d399;
  --accent-orcid: #a3e635;
  --accent-purple: #c084fc;
  --accent-amber: #fbbf24;
  --stat-num-gradient: linear-gradient(135deg, #00ffff 0%, #34d399 100%);
  --hero-title-gradient: linear-gradient(135deg, #ffffff 0%, #00ffff 60%, #c084fc 100%);
  --spotlight-bg: linear-gradient(135deg, rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.98), rgba(30, 41, 59, 0.95));
  --spotlight-border: rgba(0, 255, 255, 0.35);
  --spotlight-tag: #00ffff;
  --spotlight-badge-bg: rgba(16, 185, 129, 0.2);
  --spotlight-badge-border: #10b981;
  --spotlight-badge-text: #34d399;
  --btn-ghost-bg: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.08);
  --btn-ghost-border: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.2);
  --btn-ghost-text: #ffffff;
}

[data-theme="light"] {
  /* --- Light Theme (Clean, Bright, Prestigious Academic & Engineering) --- */
  --bg-color: #ffffff;              /* Pristine Pure White */
  --bg-surface: #f8fafc;            /* Clean Slate Surface */
  --bg-card: #ffffff;               /* Pure White Card */
  --text-color: #0f172a;            /* Deep Slate-900 (High contrast) */
  --text-muted: #1e293b;            /* Deep Slate-800 (High contrast) */
  --text-dim: #334155;              /* Crisp Slate-700 */
  --heading-color: #020617;         /* Deepest Slate-950 */
  --primary-color: #0284c7;         /* Sky-600 */
  --secondary-color: #7c3aed;       /* Violet-600 */
  --tertiary-color: #059669;        /* Emerald-600 */
  --link-color: #0284c7;
  --link-hover-color: #be185d;
  --card-bg-color: #ffffff;
  --card-border-color: #cbd5e1;     /* Crisp Slate-300 border */

  /* Semantic Accents (Light Mode) */
  --accent-cyan: #0284c7;           /* Deep readable blue */
  --accent-green: #047857;          /* Deep emerald green */
  --accent-orcid: #4d7c0f;          /* Deep readable olive */
  --accent-purple: #6d28d9;         /* Deep violet */
  --accent-amber: #b45309;          /* Deep amber/gold */
  --stat-num-gradient: linear-gradient(135deg, #0284c7 0%, #059669 100%);
  --hero-title-gradient: linear-gradient(135deg, #0f172a 0%, #0284c7 60%, #6d28d9 100%);
  --spotlight-bg: linear-gradient(135deg, #f0fdf4 0%, #f0f9ff 100%);
  --spotlight-border: #bae6fd;
  --spotlight-tag: #0369a1;
  --spotlight-badge-bg: rgba(16, 185, 129, 0.12);
  --spotlight-badge-border: #059669;
  --spotlight-badge-text: #047857;
  --btn-ghost-bg: #f8fafc;
  --btn-ghost-border: #cbd5e1;
  --btn-ghost-text: #020617;
}

*,
*::before,
*::after { box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0; padding: 0; }
html { scroll-behavior: smooth; }
body {
  font-family: 'Exo 2', sans-serif;
  background-color: var(--bg-color);
  background-image: radial-gradient(rgba(56, 189, 248, 0.12) 1.2px, transparent 1.2px);
  background-size: 26px 26px;
  background-attachment: fixed;
  color: var(--text-color);
  line-height: 1.6;
  overflow-x: hidden;
  transition: background-color 0.3s ease, color 0.3s ease;
}

[data-theme="light"] body {
  background-color: #ffffff;
  background-image: radial-gradient(#cbd5e1 1.1px, transparent 1.1px);
  background-size: 26px 26px;
  background-attachment: fixed;
  color: #0f172a;
}

/* Featherweight, elegant background animation in Light Mode (visible, lively, but never heavy) */
#starfield {
  position: fixed;
  top: 0;
  left: 0;
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
  z-index: -1;
  pointer-events: none;
  opacity: 0.45;
  transition: opacity 0.3s ease;
}
[data-theme="light"] #starfield {
  display: block !important;
  opacity: 0.35 !important;
}

h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6 { color: var(--heading-color); }
[data-theme="light"] h1:not(.hero-name-animate), [data-theme="light"] h2, [data-theme="light"] h3, [data-theme="light"] h4, [data-theme="light"] h5, [data-theme="light"] h6 {
  color: var(--heading-color); text-shadow: none;
}
a { color: var(--link-color); text-decoration: none; transition: color 0.3s ease; }
a:hover { color: var(--link-hover-color); }
img, video { max-width: 100%; height: auto; display: block; border-radius: 8px; }

/* --- 3D Background (Homepage Only) --- */
#bg-3d { position: fixed; top: 0; left: 0; width: 100%; height: 100%; z-index: -1; opacity: 0.3; }

/* --- Starfield Background Animation (All Pages) --- */
#starfield {
  position: fixed;
  top: 0;
  left: 0;
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
  z-index: -1;
  pointer-events: none;
}

/* --- Header & Navigation (Shared) --- */
.header {
  position: sticky; top: 0; left: 0; width: 100%; z-index: 100;
  background: rgba(10, 10, 26, 0.8);
  backdrop-filter: blur(10px);
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--card-border-color);
}
[data-theme="light"] .header { 
  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.96) !important;
  backdrop-filter: blur(12px) !important;
  border-bottom: 1px solid #e2e8f0 !important;
  box-shadow: 0 1px 3px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.04) !important;
}
.nav-container {
  max-width: 1200px; margin: 0 auto; padding: 0 2rem; height: var(--header-height);
  display: flex; justify-content: space-between; align-items: center; gap: 1rem;
}
.nav-brand { font-size: 1.5rem; font-weight: 700; color: #fff; text-shadow: 0 0 8px var(--primary-color); }
[data-theme="light"] .nav-brand { 
  color: #0f172a !important;
  text-shadow: none !important;
}
.nav-links { display: flex; list-style: none; gap: 1.5rem; }
.nav-link { color: var(--text-color); font-weight: 600; padding: 0.5rem; position: relative; }
.nav-link::after {
  content: ''; position: absolute; bottom: 0; left: 0; width: 0; height: 2px;
  background-color: var(--primary-color); transition: width 0.3s ease;
}
.nav-link:hover::after, .nav-link.active::after { width: 100%; }
.nav-link.active { color: var(--primary-color); }
[data-theme="light"] .nav-link {
  color: var(--text-color);
}
[data-theme="light"] .nav-link:hover,
[data-theme="light"] .nav-link.active {
  color: var(--primary-color);
}
.nav-toggle { display: none; font-size: 1.5rem; color: #fff; background: transparent; border: none; cursor: pointer; z-index: 110; }
[data-theme="light"] .nav-toggle { 
  border: 2px solid var(--primary-color);
  color: var(--primary-color);
  background: transparent;
}

/* Theme toggle button (inserted by JS) */
.theme-toggle {
  background: transparent; border: 1px solid var(--card-border-color); color: var(--text-color);
  border-radius: 999px; padding: 0.5rem 0.75rem; cursor: pointer; transition: transform 0.2s ease, background 0.2s ease;
}
.theme-toggle:hover { transform: translateY(-1px); background: rgba(0,0,0,0.05); }
[data-theme="light"] .theme-toggle {
  border: 2px solid var(--primary-color);
  color: var(--primary-color);
  background: transparent;
}
[data-theme="light"] .theme-toggle:hover { 
  background: var(--primary-color);
  color: #ffffff;
}

/* --- Hero Section (Homepage Only) --- */
.hero-section {
  min-height: calc(100vh - var(--header-height));
  display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; text-align: center; padding: 2rem; position: relative; overflow: hidden;
}
.hero-content { z-index: 10; }
.hero-title {
  font-size: 3.5rem; font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: 2px;
  background: linear-gradient(90deg, var(--primary-color), var(--secondary-color));
  -webkit-background-clip: text; -webkit-text-fill-color: transparent;
  /* clean text gradient without blurry shadow */
}
[data-theme="light"] .hero-title { text-shadow: none; }
.hero-subtitle { font-size: 1.5rem; margin: 1rem 0 2rem; color: #fff; }
[data-theme="light"] .hero-subtitle { color: #0a0a1a; }

.cta-button {
  display: inline-block; font-size: 1rem; font-weight: 700; color: #0a0a1a; background-color: var(--primary-color);
  padding: 0.75rem 2rem; border: 2px solid var(--primary-color); border-radius: 5px; text-transform: uppercase; transition: all 0.3s ease;
  box-shadow: 0 0 15px var(--primary-color);
}
.cta-button:hover { background-color: transparent; color: var(--primary-color); }
[data-theme="light"] .cta-button { 
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, #0088cc, #cc0088);
  color: #ffffff !important;
  border: none;
  box-shadow: 0 4px 12px rgba(0, 136, 204, 0.3);
}
[data-theme="light"] .cta-button:hover { 
  box-shadow: 0 6px 16px rgba(0, 136, 204, 0.4);
  transform: translateY(-2px);
  color: #ffffff !important;
}
[data-theme="light"] .cta-button-small {
  background: var(--primary-color);
  color: #ffffff !important;
  border: none;
}
[data-theme="light"] .cta-button-small:hover {
  background: var(--secondary-color);
  color: #ffffff !important;
}

/* --- General Content Section (Shared) --- */
.content-section { padding: 5rem 2rem; max-width: 1200px; margin: 0 auto; position: relative; }
.section-title { font-size: 2.5rem; text-align: center; margin-bottom: 3rem; color: var(--primary-color); text-transform: uppercase; }
[data-theme="light"] .section-title {
  color: #020617 !important;
  background: none !important;
  -webkit-background-clip: initial !important;
  -webkit-text-fill-color: #020617 !important;
  text-shadow: none !important;
  font-weight: 800 !important;
}
.section-subtitle { font-size: 1.2rem; text-align: center; color: var(--text-color); margin-top: -2rem; margin-bottom: 3rem; }

/* --- About Me Section (Shared) --- */
.about-container { display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 3rem; }
.profile-pic {
  width: 280px; height: 280px; min-width: 280px; min-height: 280px;
  aspect-ratio: 1 / 1;
  object-fit: cover; object-position: center;
  border-radius: 50% !important;
  border: 4px solid var(--primary-color);
  box-shadow: 0 0 25px var(--primary-color);
  flex-shrink: 0;
}
[data-theme="light"] .profile-pic {
  width: 280px !important; height: 280px !important;
  min-width: 280px !important; min-height: 280px !important;
  aspect-ratio: 1 / 1 !important;
  object-fit: cover !important; object-position: center !important;
  border-radius: 50% !important;
  border: 3px solid var(--primary-color) !important;
  box-shadow: 0 4px 12px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1) !important;
  flex-shrink: 0 !important;
}
.about-text { flex: 1; }
.about-text h3 { font-size: 1.8rem; color: var(--primary-color); margin-bottom: 1rem; }
.about-text p { font-size: 1.1rem; margin-bottom: 1.5rem; }

/* --- Grids & Cards (Shared) --- */
.grid-container { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(300px, 1fr)); gap: 2rem; }
.card {
  background: var(--card-bg-color); border: 1px solid var(--card-border-color); border-radius: 10px; padding: 1.5rem;
  transition: transform 0.3s ease, box-shadow 0.3s ease, border-color 0.3s ease; backdrop-filter: blur(5px); display: flex; flex-direction: column;
}
.card:hover { transform: translateY(-10px); box-shadow: 0 0 20px var(--primary-color_low_opacity, rgba(0, 255, 255, 0.3)); border-color: var(--primary-color); }
[data-theme="light"] .card {
  background: var(--card-bg-color);
  border: 2px solid var(--card-border-color);
  box-shadow: 0 2px 8px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.08);
}
[data-theme="light"] .card:hover {
  box-shadow: 0 4px 16px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.12);
  border-color: var(--primary-color);
}
.card-image {
  width: 100%; height: 200px; object-fit: cover; border-radius: 8px; margin-bottom: 1rem; background-color: #1a1a3a;
}
[data-theme="light"] .card-image { 
  background-color: #e9eef9;
  border: 1px solid var(--card-border-color);
}
.card-icon { font-size: 3rem; color: var(--primary-color); margin-bottom: 1rem; text-align: center; display: block; width: 100%; }
[data-theme="light"] .card-icon {
  color: var(--primary-color);
}
.card-title { font-size: 1.5rem; margin-bottom: 0.75rem; color: var(--primary-color); }
.card-link { display: inline-block; margin-top: auto; padding-top: 1rem; font-weight: 700; }
[data-theme="light"] .skill-card {
  background: var(--card-bg-color);
  border: 2px solid var(--card-border-color);
}
[data-theme="light"] .certificate-card {
  background: var(--card-bg-color);
  border: 2px solid var(--card-border-color);
}
[data-theme="light"] .certificate-card img {
  border: 1px solid var(--card-border-color);
}

/* --- Blog Page --- */
.blog-container { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 2rem; max-width: 900px; margin: 0 auto; }
.blog-post-content { flex-grow: 1; }
.blog-excerpt { flex-grow: 1; }
[data-theme="light"] .blog-post {
  background: var(--card-bg-color);
  border: 2px solid var(--card-border-color);
  padding: 1.5rem;
  border-radius: 12px;
}

/* --- Contact & Feedback (Shared) --- */
.contact-container { text-align: center; max-width: 600px; margin: 0 auto; }
.contact-container p { font-size: 1.2rem; margin-bottom: 2rem; }
.social-links { margin-top: 2.5rem; display: flex; justify-content: center; gap: 2rem; }
.social-links a { font-size: 2rem; color: var(--text-color); transition: color 0.3s, transform 0.3s; }
.social-links a:hover { color: var(--primary-color); transform: scale(1.2); }
[data-theme="light"] .social-links a {
  background: #ffffff;
  border: 2px solid var(--primary-color);
  color: var(--primary-color);
}
[data-theme="light"] .social-links a:hover {
  background: var(--primary-color);
  color: #ffffff;
}
.feedback-container { max-width: 700px; margin: 0 auto; }
.form-group { margin-bottom: 1.5rem; }
.form-group label { display: block; font-weight: 600; margin-bottom: 0.5rem; color: var(--primary-color); }
.form-group input, .form-group textarea {
  width: 100%; padding: 1rem; background: rgba(26, 26, 58, 0.9); border: 1px solid var(--card-border-color); border-radius: 5px; color: var(--text-color);
  font-family: 'Exo 2', sans-serif; font-size: 1rem;
}
[data-theme="light"] .form-group input, [data-theme="light"] .form-group textarea {
  background: rgba(255,255,255,0.9);
}
.form-group input:focus, .form-group textarea:focus {
  outline: none; border-color: var(--primary-color); box-shadow: 0 0 10px var(--primary-color);
}
#feedback-thanks { text-align: center; padding: 2rem; }

/* --- Gallery Page --- */
.video-responsive { position: relative; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 56.25%; margin-bottom: 1rem; border-radius: 8px; }
.video-responsive iframe { position: absolute; top: 0; left: 0; width: 100%; height: 100%; border: 0; }

/* --- Footer (Shared) --- */
.footer { text-align: center; padding: 2rem; margin-top: 3rem; background: #050510; border-top: 1px solid var(--card-border-color); }
[data-theme="light"] .footer { 
  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.98);
  border-top: 2px solid var(--card-border-color);
  color: var(--text-color);
  box-shadow: 0 -2px 4px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.05);
}

/* --- Light Mode Text Elements --- */
[data-theme="light"] p,
[data-theme="light"] li,
[data-theme="light"] span,
[data-theme="light"] .desc,
[data-theme="light"] .card-description,
[data-theme="light"] .about-text p,
[data-theme="light"] .blog-excerpt,
[data-theme="light"] .contact-container p,
[data-theme="light"] .card-title,
[data-theme="light"] .blog-post-content h3 {
  color: var(--text-color);
}

/* --- General Contrast Helper (Form Elements) --- */
[data-theme="light"] button,
[data-theme="light"] input,
[data-theme="light"] textarea,
[data-theme="light"] select {
  border: 1px solid var(--card-border-color);
  background: #ffffff;
  color: var(--text-color);
}

/* --- Scroll Animations (Shared) --- */
.reveal { opacity: 0; transform: translateY(50px); transition: opacity 0.8s ease-out, transform 0.8s ease-out; }
.reveal.visible { opacity: 1; transform: translateY(0); }

/* --- Responsive Design (Shared) --- */
@media (max-width: 1024px) {
  .about-container { flex-direction: column; text-align: center; }
  .profile-pic { margin: 0 auto 2rem; }
}
@media (max-width: 768px) {
  .nav-links {
    position: fixed; top: 0; right: -100%; width: 70%; height: 100vh; background: #1a1a3a;
    flex-direction: column; justify-content: center; align-items: center; gap: 2rem; transition: right 0.5s ease-in-out; z-index: 105;
  }
  [data-theme="light"] .nav-links { 
    background: #ffffff;
    border-left: 2px solid var(--card-border-color);
    box-shadow: -2px 0 8px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);
  }
  .nav-links.active { right: 0; }
  .nav-link { font-size: 1.2rem; }
  .nav-toggle { display: block; }
  .hero-title { font-size: 2.5rem; }
  .hero-subtitle { font-size: 1.2rem; }
  .section-title { font-size: 2rem; }
}

/* ========================================
   CRITICAL FIX: Ensure ALL text is visible in light mode
   These rules have high specificity to override any conflicts
   ======================================== */

/* Main content paragraphs */
[data-theme="light"] main p,
[data-theme="light"] section p,
[data-theme="light"] article p,
[data-theme="light"] .content-section p,
[data-theme="light"] .about-text p,
[data-theme="light"] .gallery-intro p,
[data-theme="light"] .contact-container p {
  color: var(--text-color) !important;
}

/* Div-wrapped text blocks */
[data-theme="light"] div[style*="text-align"] p,
[data-theme="light"] div[style*="max-width"] p {
  color: var(--text-color) !important;
}

/* Card descriptions */
[data-theme="light"] .card p,
[data-theme="light"] .card-description,
[data-theme="light"] .project-card p,
[data-theme="light"] .blog-post p,
[data-theme="light"] .blog-excerpt {
  color: var(--text-color) !important;
}

/* List items */
[data-theme="light"] main li,
[data-theme="light"] section li,
[data-theme="light"] article li {
  color: var(--text-color) !important;
}

/* Span elements */
[data-theme="light"] main span,
[data-theme="light"] section span,
[data-theme="light"] .card span {
  color: var(--text-color) !important;
}

/* Section subtitles and descriptions */
[data-theme="light"] .section-subtitle,
[data-theme="light"] .gallery-intro,
[data-theme="light"] .project-gallery p {
  color: var(--text-color) !important;
}

/* Hero subtitle */
[data-theme="light"] .hero-subtitle {
  color: var(--text-color) !important;
}

/* Ensure inline styles don't override */
[data-theme="light"] p[style],
[data-theme="light"] div[style] p {
  color: var(--text-color) !important;
}

/* Blog post content */
[data-theme="light"] .blog-post-content,
[data-theme="light"] .blog-post-content p {
  color: var(--text-color) !important;
}

/* Project detail pages */
[data-theme="light"] .project-detail p,
[data-theme="light"] .project-content p {
  color: var(--text-color) !important;
}

/* About page text blocks */
[data-theme="light"] main h2 + p,
[data-theme="light"] main h2 + div p,
[data-theme="light"] main h3 + p {
  color: var(--text-color) !important;
}

/* Light mode content sections - add opaque backgrounds for better contrast */
[data-theme="light"] .content-section,
[data-theme="light"] .project-gallery,
[data-theme="light"] .about-container,
[data-theme="light"] .blog-container,
[data-theme="light"] .contact-container,
[data-theme="light"] .feedback-container {
  background: var(--bg-color);
  padding: 2rem;
  border-radius: 8px;
}

/* Ensure main content areas have proper background */
[data-theme="light"] main {
  background: var(--bg-color);
}

/* Specific intro text sections that need opaque backgrounds */
[data-theme="light"] .gallery-intro,
[data-theme="light"] .project-gallery > .gallery-intro,
[data-theme="light"] main > section > div[style*="max-width"] {
  background: var(--bg-color);
  padding: 1.5rem;
  border-radius: 8px;
  margin-bottom: 2rem;
}

/* --- Featured Work Section Styles (NEW) --- */
#featured-work {
  padding: 5rem 2rem;
  max-width: 1200px;
  margin: 0 auto;
  position: relative;
}

.featured-work-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(320px, 1fr));
  gap: 2.5rem;
  margin-top: 3rem;
}

.featured-project-card {
  background: var(--card-bg-color);
  border: 2px solid var(--card-border-color);
  border-radius: 12px;
  padding: 2rem;
  transition: all 0.3s ease;
  backdrop-filter: blur(5px);
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  position: relative;
  overflow: hidden;
}

.featured-project-card::before {
  content: '';
  position: absolute;
  top: 0;
  left: 0;
  right: 0;
  bottom: 0;
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, rgba(0, 255, 255, 0.05), rgba(255, 0, 255, 0.05));
  opacity: 0;
  transition: opacity 0.3s ease;
  pointer-events: none;
}

.featured-project-card:hover::before {
  opacity: 1;
}

.featured-project-card:hover {
  transform: translateY(-10px);
  box-shadow: 0 0 30px var(--primary-color), 0 0 60px rgba(0, 255, 255, 0.2);
  border-color: var(--primary-color);
}

[data-theme="light"] .featured-project-card {
  background: var(--card-bg-color);
  border: 2px solid var(--card-border-color);
  box-shadow: 0 4px 12px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.08);
}

[data-theme="light"] .featured-project-card:hover {
  box-shadow: 0 8px 24px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.15);
  border-color: var(--primary-color);
  transform: translateY(-8px);
}

.featured-project-card h3 {
  font-size: 1.6rem;
  margin-bottom: 0.75rem;
  color: var(--primary-color);
  text-shadow: 0 0 10px rgba(0, 255, 255, 0.3);
}

[data-theme="light"] .featured-project-card h3 {
  text-shadow: none;
}

.featured-project-card .project-description {
  font-size: 1.05rem;
  margin-bottom: 1.5rem;
  color: var(--text-color);
  line-height: 1.6;
  flex-grow: 1;
}

.featured-category-tags {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 0.5rem;
  margin-bottom: 1rem;
}

.category-badge {
  font-size: 0.8rem;
  padding: 0.35rem 0.85rem;
  background: rgba(0, 255, 255, 0.15);
  border: 1px solid var(--primary-color);
  border-radius: 20px;
  color: var(--primary-color);
  font-weight: 600;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  letter-spacing: 0.5px;
}

[data-theme="light"] .category-badge {
  background: rgba(0, 136, 204, 0.1);
  border: 1px solid var(--primary-color);
  color: var(--primary-color);
}

.tech-stack {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 0.5rem;
  margin-bottom: 1rem;
  padding-bottom: 1rem;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--card-border-color);
}

.tech-badge {
  font-size: 0.75rem;
  padding: 0.3rem 0.7rem;
  background: rgba(255, 0, 255, 0.1);
  border: 1px solid var(--secondary-color);
  border-radius: 15px;
  color: var(--secondary-color);
  font-weight: 500;
}

[data-theme="light"] .tech-badge {
  background: rgba(204, 0, 136, 0.1);
  border: 1px solid var(--secondary-color);
  color: var(--secondary-color);
}

.project-status {
  display: inline-block;
  font-size: 0.75rem;
  padding: 0.4rem 0.9rem;
  background: rgba(0, 255, 0, 0.15);
  border: 1px solid var(--tertiary-color);
  border-radius: 20px;
  color: var(--tertiary-color);
  font-weight: 700;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  letter-spacing: 0.5px;
  margin-bottom: 1.5rem;
}

[data-theme="light"] .project-status {
  background: rgba(0, 170, 0, 0.1);
  border: 1px solid var(--tertiary-color);
  color: var(--tertiary-color);
}

.featured-cta {
  display: inline-block;
  font-size: 0.95rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  color: var(--bg-color);
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--primary-color), var(--secondary-color));
  padding: 0.75rem 1.75rem;
  border: none;
  border-radius: 8px;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  letter-spacing: 1px;
  transition: all 0.3s ease;
  box-shadow: 0 4px 15px rgba(0, 255, 255, 0.3);
  text-align: center;
  margin-top: auto;
}

.featured-cta:hover {
  transform: scale(1.05);
  box-shadow: 0 6px 25px rgba(0, 255, 255, 0.5);
  color: var(--bg-color);
}

[data-theme="light"] .featured-cta {
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, #0088cc, #cc0088);
  color: #ffffff;
  box-shadow: 0 4px 12px rgba(0, 136, 204, 0.3);
}

[data-theme="light"] .featured-cta:hover {
  box-shadow: 0 6px 20px rgba(0, 136, 204, 0.5);
  color: #ffffff;
  transform: scale(1.05);
}

.cta-button-small {
  display: inline-block;
  font-size: 0.85rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  color: var(--bg-color);
  background-color: var(--primary-color);
  padding: 0.5rem 1.25rem;
  border: 2px solid var(--primary-color);
  border-radius: 5px;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  transition: all 0.3s ease;
  box-shadow: 0 0 10px rgba(0, 255, 255, 0.3);
}

.cta-button-small:hover {
  background-color: transparent;
  color: var(--primary-color);
  box-shadow: 0 0 15px var(--primary-color);
}

/* Responsive adjustments for Featured Work */
@media (max-width: 768px) {
  .featured-work-grid {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    gap: 2rem;
  }
  
  .featured-project-card h3 {
    font-size: 1.4rem;
  }
}

/* ==========================================================================
   COMPREHENSIVE LIGHT MODE CONTRAST & VISIBILITY ENGINE
   Applied when [data-theme="light"] is active on <html> or <body>
   ========================================================================== */

[data-theme="light"] {
  --bg-color: #f4f7fa;
  --text-color: #1e293b;            /* Slate-800: high contrast against light bg */
  --heading-color: #0f172a;         /* Slate-900: strong, crisp headings */
  --link-color: #0284c7;
  --link-hover-color: #be185d;
  --primary-color: #0284c7;         /* Deep readable blue */
  --secondary-color: #be185d;
  --tertiary-color: #15803d;        /* Deep readable green */
  --card-bg-color: #ffffff;
  --card-border-color: rgba(203, 213, 225, 0.85);
}

/* 1. Global Typography in Light Mode */
[data-theme="light"] body {
  background-color: var(--bg-color);
  color: var(--text-color);
}

[data-theme="light"] h1:not(.hero-name-animate),
[data-theme="light"] h2,
[data-theme="light"] h3,
[data-theme="light"] h4,
[data-theme="light"] h5,
[data-theme="light"] h6 {
  color: var(--heading-color) !important;
  text-shadow: none !important;
}

[data-theme="light"] p,
[data-theme="light"] li,
[data-theme="light"] td,
[data-theme="light"] th {
  color: var(--text-color);
}

[data-theme="light"] .section-title {
  color: var(--heading-color) !important;
  text-shadow: none !important;
}

[data-theme="light"] .section-subtitle {
  color: #475569 !important;
}

/* 2. Hero & Profile Section in Light Mode */
[data-theme="light"] .about-text h1,
[data-theme="light"] .about-text h2 {
  color: var(--heading-color) !important;
}

[data-theme="light"] .about-text p {
  color: #334155 !important;
}

[data-theme="light"] .about-text strong {
  color: #0f172a !important;
}

[data-theme="light"] .about-text > p:first-of-type {
  color: #0284c7 !important;
}

[data-theme="light"] .profile-pic {
  width: 280px !important; height: 280px !important;
  min-width: 280px !important; min-height: 280px !important;
  aspect-ratio: 1 / 1 !important;
  object-fit: cover !important; object-position: center !important;
  border-radius: 50% !important;
  border-color: rgba(2, 132, 199, 0.4) !important;
  box-shadow: 0 0 20px rgba(2, 132, 199, 0.15) !important;
  flex-shrink: 0 !important;
}

/* Hero Badge Pills */
[data-theme="light"] .pill-green {
  background: rgba(16, 185, 129, 0.12) !important;
  border-color: #059669 !important;
  color: #047857 !important;
}

[data-theme="light"] .pill-cyan {
  background: rgba(2, 132, 199, 0.12) !important;
  border-color: #0284c7 !important;
  color: #0369a1 !important;
}

[data-theme="light"] .pill-orcid {
  background: rgba(132, 204, 22, 0.14) !important;
  border-color: #65a30d !important;
  color: #4d7c0f !important;
}

[data-theme="light"] .pill-purple {
  background: rgba(168, 85, 247, 0.12) !important;
  border-color: #9333ea !important;
  color: #7e22ce !important;
}

[data-theme="light"] .pill-blue {
  background: rgba(37, 99, 235, 0.12) !important;
  border-color: #2563eb !important;
  color: #1d4ed8 !important;
}

/* 3. Stat Matrix in Light Mode */
[data-theme="light"] .stat-card {
  background: #ffffff !important;
  border-color: rgba(203, 213, 225, 0.9) !important;
  box-shadow: 0 2px 10px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.05) !important;
}

[data-theme="light"] .stat-card:hover {
  border-color: #0284c7 !important;
  box-shadow: 0 8px 24px rgba(2, 132, 199, 0.12) !important;
}

[data-theme="light"] .stat-num {
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, #0284c7, #16a34a) !important;
  -webkit-background-clip: text !important;
  -webkit-text-fill-color: transparent !important;
}

[data-theme="light"] .stat-label {
  color: #1e293b !important;
}

[data-theme="light"] .stat-card span {
  color: #64748b !important;
}

/* 4. Research Spotlight Banner in Light Mode */
[data-theme="light"] [id="research-spotlight"] > div,
[data-theme="light"] [id="research-banner"] > div {
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, #f0fdf4 0%, #e0f2fe 100%) !important;
  border-color: rgba(2, 132, 199, 0.35) !important;
  box-shadow: 0 10px 30px rgba(2, 132, 199, 0.08) !important;
}

[data-theme="light"] [id="research-spotlight"] h3,
[data-theme="light"] [id="research-banner"] h3 {
  color: #0f172a !important;
}

[data-theme="light"] [id="research-spotlight"] p,
[data-theme="light"] [id="research-banner"] p {
  color: #334155 !important;
}

[data-theme="light"] [id="research-spotlight"] span,
[data-theme="light"] [id="research-banner"] span {
  color: #047857 !important;
}

[data-theme="light"] [id="research-spotlight"] a.cta-button-small:not(.btn-ghost) {
  color: #ffffff !important;
}

[data-theme="light"] [id="research-spotlight"] a.cta-button-small.btn-ghost,
[data-theme="light"] [id="research-spotlight"] .btn-ghost {
  color: #0f172a !important;
  background: #ffffff !important;
  border: 1.5px solid #94a3b8 !important;
}

[data-theme="light"] [id="research-spotlight"] a.cta-button-small.btn-ghost:hover,
[data-theme="light"] [id="research-spotlight"] .btn-ghost:hover {
  color: #ffffff !important;
  background: #0284c7 !important;
  border-color: #0284c7 !important;
}

/* 5. Core Technical Pillars in Light Mode */
[data-theme="light"] .pillar-card {
  background: #ffffff !important;
  border-color: rgba(203, 213, 225, 0.9) !important;
  box-shadow: 0 2px 10px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.04) !important;
}

[data-theme="light"] .pillar-card:hover {
  border-color: #0284c7 !important;
  box-shadow: 0 10px 28px rgba(2, 132, 199, 0.12) !important;
}

[data-theme="light"] .pillar-card h3 {
  color: #0f172a !important;
}

[data-theme="light"] .pillar-card p {
  color: #475569 !important;
}

[data-theme="light"] .tech-badge {
  background: rgba(2, 132, 199, 0.08) !important;
  border-color: rgba(2, 132, 199, 0.3) !important;
  color: #0369a1 !important;
}

/* 6. Flagship Cards & Projects in Light Mode */
[data-theme="light"] .featured-project-card {
  background: #ffffff !important;
  border-color: rgba(203, 213, 225, 0.9) !important;
  box-shadow: 0 2px 10px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.04) !important;
}

[data-theme="light"] .featured-project-card:hover {
  border-color: #0284c7 !important;
  box-shadow: 0 10px 28px rgba(2, 132, 199, 0.12) !important;
}

[data-theme="light"] .featured-project-card h3 {
  color: #0f172a !important;
}

[data-theme="light"] .featured-project-card p,
[data-theme="light"] .featured-project-card .project-description {
  color: #334155 !important;
}

[data-theme="light"] .project-status {
  background: rgba(2, 132, 199, 0.1) !important;
  border-color: #0284c7 !important;
  color: #0369a1 !important;
}

[data-theme="light"] .category-badge {
  background: rgba(2, 132, 199, 0.08) !important;
  border-color: rgba(2, 132, 199, 0.3) !important;
  color: #0369a1 !important;
}

[data-theme="light"] .featured-cta {
  background: #0284c7 !important;
  color: #ffffff !important;
  border-color: #0284c7 !important;
}

[data-theme="light"] .featured-cta:hover {
  background: #0369a1 !important;
  color: #ffffff !important;
}

/* Secondary ghost buttons inside cards */
[data-theme="light"] .featured-cta[style*="rgba(255, 255, 255"],
[data-theme="light"] a[style*="background:rgba(255,255,255,0.08)"],
[data-theme="light"] a[style*="background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.08)"] {
  background: #f1f5f9 !important;
  border: 1px solid #cbd5e1 !important;
  color: #0f172a !important;
}

[data-theme="light"] .featured-cta[style*="rgba(255, 255, 255"]:hover,
[data-theme="light"] a[style*="background:rgba(255,255,255,0.08)"]:hover,
[data-theme="light"] a[style*="background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.08)"]:hover {
  background: #e2e8f0 !important;
  border-color: #0284c7 !important;
  color: #0284c7 !important;
}

/* 7. Hardware Projects & Standard Cards in Light Mode */
[data-theme="light"] .card,
[data-theme="light"] .project-card {
  background: #ffffff !important;
  border-color: rgba(203, 213, 225, 0.9) !important;
  box-shadow: 0 2px 10px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.04) !important;
}

[data-theme="light"] .card:hover,
[data-theme="light"] .project-card:hover {
  border-color: #0284c7 !important;
  box-shadow: 0 10px 24px rgba(2, 132, 199, 0.12) !important;
}

[data-theme="light"] .card-title,
[data-theme="light"] .project-card h3 {
  color: #0f172a !important;
}

[data-theme="light"] .card-description,
[data-theme="light"] .project-card p {
  color: #334155 !important;
}

[data-theme="light"] .card-tag {
  background: rgba(2, 132, 199, 0.08) !important;
  border-color: rgba(2, 132, 199, 0.3) !important;
  color: #0369a1 !important;
}

/* 8. Award Cards in Light Mode */
[data-theme="light"] .award-card {
  background: #ffffff !important;
  border-color: rgba(217, 119, 6, 0.35) !important;
  box-shadow: 0 2px 10px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.04) !important;
}

[data-theme="light"] .award-card:hover {
  border-color: #d97706 !important;
  box-shadow: 0 8px 24px rgba(217, 119, 6, 0.12) !important;
}

[data-theme="light"] .award-card h3 {
  color: #0f172a !important;
}

[data-theme="light"] .award-card p {
  color: #475569 !important;
}

[data-theme="light"] .award-card span i.fa-trophy,
[data-theme="light"] .award-card span i.fa-seedling,
[data-theme="light"] .award-card span i.fa-medal {
  color: #d97706 !important;
}

[data-theme="light"] .award-card span i.fa-newspaper {
  color: #0284c7 !important;
}

/* 9. Blog Post Cards in Light Mode */
[data-theme="light"] .blog-post {
  background: #ffffff !important;
  border-color: rgba(203, 213, 225, 0.9) !important;
  box-shadow: 0 2px 10px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.04) !important;
}

[data-theme="light"] .blog-post:hover {
  border-color: #0284c7 !important;
  box-shadow: 0 10px 24px rgba(2, 132, 199, 0.12) !important;
}

[data-theme="light"] .blog-post .card-title {
  color: #0f172a !important;
}

[data-theme="light"] .blog-post .card-date {
  color: #64748b !important;
}

[data-theme="light"] .blog-post .blog-excerpt {
  color: #334155 !important;
}

[data-theme="light"] .card-link {
  color: #0284c7 !important;
  font-weight: 700 !important;
}

[data-theme="light"] .card-link:hover {
  color: #0369a1 !important;
}

/* 10. Contact & Footer in Light Mode */
[data-theme="light"] [id="contact-overview"] > div {
  background: #ffffff !important;
  border-color: rgba(203, 213, 225, 0.9) !important;
  box-shadow: 0 4px 16px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.05) !important;
}

[data-theme="light"] [id="contact-overview"] h2 {
  color: #0f172a !important;
}

[data-theme="light"] [id="contact-overview"] p {
  color: #475569 !important;
}

[data-theme="light"] .footer {
  background: #f8fafc !important;
  border-top: 1px solid #e2e8f0 !important;
}

[data-theme="light"] .footer p {
  color: #475569 !important;
}

/* 11. Interactive Buttons in Light Mode */
[data-theme="light"] .cta-button {
  background-color: #0284c7 !important;
  border-color: #0284c7 !important;
  color: #ffffff !important;
  box-shadow: 0 4px 12px rgba(2, 132, 199, 0.25) !important;
}

[data-theme="light"] .cta-button:hover {
  background-color: #0369a1 !important;
  border-color: #0369a1 !important;
  color: #ffffff !important;
  box-shadow: 0 6px 16px rgba(2, 132, 199, 0.35) !important;
}

[data-theme="light"] .cta-button-small {
  background-color: #0284c7 !important;
  border-color: #0284c7 !important;
  color: #ffffff !important;
  box-shadow: 0 2px 8px rgba(2, 132, 199, 0.2) !important;
}

[data-theme="light"] .cta-button-small:hover {
  background-color: #0369a1 !important;
  border-color: #0369a1 !important;
  color: #ffffff !important;
}

/* 12. Blog Hub Components in Light Mode */
[data-theme="light"] .grand-search-container {
  background: #ffffff !important;
  border-color: rgba(203, 213, 225, 0.9) !important;
  box-shadow: 0 6px 20px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.05) !important;
}

[data-theme="light"] .grand-search-container::after {
  background: radial-gradient(circle at 85% 20%, rgba(2, 132, 199, 0.08), transparent 60%) !important;
}

[data-theme="light"] .grand-search-title {
  color: #0f172a !important;
}

[data-theme="light"] .grand-search-stats {
  color: #0369a1 !important;
  background: rgba(2, 132, 199, 0.1) !important;
  border-color: rgba(2, 132, 199, 0.25) !important;
}

[data-theme="light"] .grand-search-input {
  background: #f8fafc !important;
  border-color: #cbd5e1 !important;
  color: #0f172a !important;
}

[data-theme="light"] .grand-search-input:focus {
  background: #ffffff !important;
  border-color: #0284c7 !important;
  box-shadow: 0 0 14px rgba(2, 132, 199, 0.3) !important;
}

[data-theme="light"] .grand-search-icon {
  color: #0284c7 !important;
}

[data-theme="light"] .quick-chip {
  background: #f1f5f9 !important;
  border-color: #cbd5e1 !important;
  color: #334155 !important;
}

[data-theme="light"] .quick-chip:hover {
  background: rgba(2, 132, 199, 0.15) !important;
  border-color: #0284c7 !important;
  color: #0284c7 !important;
}

[data-theme="light"] .topic-explorer-title {
  color: #0f172a !important;
}

[data-theme="light"] .topic-nav-btn {
  background: #ffffff !important;
  border-color: #cbd5e1 !important;
  color: #1e293b !important;
  box-shadow: 0 2px 8px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.04) !important;
}

[data-theme="light"] .topic-nav-btn:hover {
  border-color: #0284c7 !important;
  background: #f8fafc !important;
  box-shadow: 0 8px 20px rgba(2, 132, 199, 0.12) !important;
}

[data-theme="light"] .topic-btn-title {
  color: #0f172a !important;
}

[data-theme="light"] .topic-btn-desc {
  color: #475569 !important;
}

[data-theme="light"] .controls-inner-box {
  background: #ffffff !important;
  border-color: #cbd5e1 !important;
  box-shadow: 0 2px 8px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.04) !important;
}

[data-theme="light"] .filter-badge {
  background: #f1f5f9 !important;
  border-color: #cbd5e1 !important;
  color: #475569 !important;
}

[data-theme="light"] .filter-badge:hover,
[data-theme="light"] .filter-badge.active {
  background: #0284c7 !important;
  border-color: #0284c7 !important;
  color: #ffffff !important;
}

[data-theme="light"] .keyword-chip {
  background: #f1f5f9 !important;
  border-color: #cbd5e1 !important;
  color: #334155 !important;
}

[data-theme="light"] .keyword-chip:hover,
[data-theme="light"] .keyword-chip.active {
  background: #0284c7 !important;
  border-color: #0284c7 !important;
  color: #ffffff !important;
}

[data-theme="light"] .sort-btn {
  background: #f1f5f9 !important;
  border-color: #cbd5e1 !important;
  color: #475569 !important;
}

[data-theme="light"] .sort-btn:hover,
[data-theme="light"] .sort-btn.active {
  background: #0284c7 !important;
  border-color: #0284c7 !important;
  color: #ffffff !important;
}

[data-theme="light"] .blog-card {
  background: #ffffff !important;
  border-color: rgba(203, 213, 225, 0.9) !important;
  box-shadow: 0 2px 10px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.04) !important;
}

[data-theme="light"] .blog-card:hover {
  border-color: #0284c7 !important;
  box-shadow: 0 10px 24px rgba(2, 132, 199, 0.12) !important;
}

[data-theme="light"] .card-title-text {
  color: #0f172a !important;
}

[data-theme="light"] .card-excerpt-text {
  color: #334155 !important;
}

[data-theme="light"] .card-meta-row {
  color: #64748b !important;
}

[data-theme="light"] .card-action-link {
  color: #0284c7 !important;
  font-weight: 700 !important;
}

[data-theme="light"] .card-tag-badge {
  background: #f1f5f9 !important;
  border-color: #cbd5e1 !important;
  color: #334155 !important;
}

[data-theme="light"] .spotlight-card {
  background: #ffffff !important;
  box-shadow: 0 4px 16px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.05) !important;
}

[data-theme="light"] .spotlight-q1 {
  background: linear-gradient(145deg, #f0fdf4 0%, #e0f2fe 100%) !important;
  border-color: #86efac !important;
}

[data-theme="light"] .spotlight-zenodo {
  background: linear-gradient(145deg, #f0f9ff 0%, #e0e7ff 100%) !important;
  border-color: #93c5fd !important;
}

[data-theme="light"] .spotlight-card h3 {
  color: #0f172a !important;
}

[data-theme="light"] .spotlight-card p {
  color: #334155 !important;
}


/* --- Master Spotlight Banner Styles --- */
.spotlight-banner-box {
  background: var(--spotlight-bg);
  border: 1.5px solid var(--spotlight-border);
  border-radius: 16px;
  padding: 2.2rem;
  max-width: 1100px;
  margin: 0 auto;
  box-shadow: 0 16px 40px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.08);
  backdrop-filter: blur(14px);
  transition: all 0.3s ease;
}
.spotlight-banner-tag {
  font-size: 0.85rem;
  font-weight: 800;
  letter-spacing: 0.08em;
  color: var(--spotlight-tag);
  text-transform: uppercase;
}
.spotlight-banner-badge {
  font-size: 0.82rem;
  background: var(--spotlight-badge-bg);
  border: 1px solid var(--spotlight-badge-border);
  color: var(--spotlight-badge-text);
  padding: 3px 12px;
  border-radius: 14px;
  font-weight: 700;
}
.spotlight-banner-title {
  font-size: 1.45rem;
  color: var(--heading-color);
  line-height: 1.4;
  margin-bottom: 0.85rem;
  font-weight: 700;
}
.spotlight-banner-desc {
  color: var(--text-muted);
  font-size: 0.98rem;
  line-height: 1.65;
  margin-bottom: 1.5rem;
}
.btn-ghost {
  background: var(--btn-ghost-bg) !important;
  border: 1px solid var(--btn-ghost-border) !important;
  color: var(--btn-ghost-text) !important;
  text-decoration: none;
  transition: all 0.25s ease;
}
.btn-ghost:hover {
  border-color: var(--primary-color) !important;
  color: var(--primary-color) !important;
  transform: translateY(-2px);
}

/* DOI Tag Specific Styling */
.doi-tag {
  color: var(--primary-color) !important;
  border-color: var(--primary-color) !important;
  background: rgba(0, 255, 255, 0.1) !important;
  font-weight: 600;
}
[data-theme="light"] .doi-tag {
  color: #0284c7 !important;
  border-color: #0284c7 !important;
  background: rgba(2, 132, 199, 0.1) !important;
}

/* ==========================================================================
   PROJECT CATEGORY TABS & HARDWARE / SOFTWARE SHOWCASE
   ========================================================================== */
.project-filter-toolbar {
  display: flex;
  justify-content: center;
  gap: 0.75rem;
  margin: 2rem auto 3rem;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
}
.project-filter-tab {
  padding: 0.65rem 1.4rem;
  border-radius: 25px;
  font-family: inherit;
  font-size: 0.95rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  cursor: pointer;
  background: var(--bg-surface);
  border: 1.5px solid var(--card-border-color);
  color: var(--text-muted);
  transition: all 0.25s ease;
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 0.5rem;
}
.project-filter-tab:hover {
  color: var(--primary-color);
  border-color: var(--primary-color);
  transform: translateY(-2px);
}
.project-filter-tab.active {
  background: var(--primary-color);
  border-color: var(--primary-color);
  color: #ffffff !important;
  box-shadow: 0 4px 14px rgba(2, 132, 199, 0.25);
}
[data-theme="dark"] .project-filter-tab.active,
:root:not([data-theme="light"]) .project-filter-tab.active {
  color: #080c16 !important;
  box-shadow: 0 4px 18px rgba(0, 255, 255, 0.3);
}

.hardware-spec-badge {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 0.3rem;
  font-size: 0.75rem;
  padding: 2px 8px;
  border-radius: 6px;
  background: rgba(245, 158, 11, 0.15);
  border: 1px solid rgba(245, 158, 11, 0.35);
  color: #d97706;
  font-weight: 600;
}
:root:not([data-theme="light"]) .hardware-spec-badge {
  background: rgba(245, 158, 11, 0.2);
  color: #fbbf24;
}

.hardware-card-highlight {
  border-top: 3px solid #f59e0b !important;
}
.software-card-highlight {
  border-top: 3px solid var(--primary-color) !important;
}


/* ==========================================================================
   BULLETPROOF LIGHT-MODE CONTRAST FOR BLOG SECTIONS & CARDS
   ========================================================================== */
[data-theme="light"] .blog-post,
[data-theme="light"] .blog-card,
[data-theme="light"] .featured-project-card {
  background: #ffffff !important;
  border: 1px solid #e2e8f0 !important;
  box-shadow: 0 4px 14px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.04) !important;
}

[data-theme="light"] .blog-post:hover,
[data-theme="light"] .blog-card:hover,
[data-theme="light"] .featured-project-card:hover {
  border-color: #0284c7 !important;
  box-shadow: 0 12px 28px rgba(2, 132, 199, 0.12) !important;
}

[data-theme="light"] .blog-post h3,
[data-theme="light"] .blog-card h3,
[data-theme="light"] .card-title,
[data-theme="light"] .card-title-text,
[data-theme="light"] .category-heading,
[data-theme="light"] .project-content h2,
[data-theme="light"] .project-content h3 {
  color: #020617 !important;
}

[data-theme="light"] .blog-excerpt,
[data-theme="light"] .card-excerpt-text,
[data-theme="light"] .category-subtext,
[data-theme="light"] .blog-post p,
[data-theme="light"] .blog-card p,
[data-theme="light"] .project-content p,
[data-theme="light"] .project-content li {
  color: #1e293b !important;
}

[data-theme="light"] .card-link,
[data-theme="light"] .card-action-link,
[data-theme="light"] .project-content a {
  color: #0284c7 !important;
  font-weight: 700 !important;
}

[data-theme="light"] .filter-pill {
  background: #f1f5f9 !important;
  border: 1px solid #cbd5e1 !important;
  color: #1e293b !important;
}
[data-theme="light"] .filter-pill:hover,
[data-theme="light"] .filter-pill.active {
  background: #0284c7 !important;
  border-color: #0284c7 !important;
  color: #ffffff !important;
}

[data-theme="light"] .sort-select {
  background: #ffffff !important;
  border: 1px solid #cbd5e1 !important;
  color: #0f172a !important;
}


/* ==========================================================================
   TREE-LIKE DROPDOWN NAVIGATION HIERARCHY
   High-contrast, keyboard-accessible, smooth animations
   ========================================================================== */
.nav-links {
  display: flex;
  list-style: none;
  gap: 1.5rem;
  align-items: center;
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
}
.nav-item {
  position: relative;
  list-style: none;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
}
.nav-link {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 0.35rem;
  color: var(--text-color);
  font-weight: 600;
  font-size: 0.95rem;
  padding: 0.5rem 0.2rem;
  text-decoration: none;
  transition: color 0.2s ease;
}
.nav-arrow {
  font-size: 0.65rem;
  margin-left: 3px;
  color: var(--text-muted);
  transition: transform 0.25s cubic-bezier(0.16, 1, 0.3, 1), color 0.2s ease;
}
.nav-item.has-dropdown:hover .nav-arrow,
.nav-item.has-dropdown:focus-within .nav-arrow {
  transform: rotate(180deg);
  color: var(--primary-color);
}

.nav-dropdown {
  position: absolute;
  top: calc(100% + 4px);
  left: -20px;
  min-width: 270px;
  background: var(--bg-card);
  border: 1px solid var(--card-border-color);
  border-radius: 14px;
  padding: 0.65rem;
  box-shadow: 0 16px 36px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.10);
  backdrop-filter: blur(16px);
  opacity: 0;
  visibility: hidden;
  transform: translateY(8px);
  transition: opacity 0.22s cubic-bezier(0.16, 1, 0.3, 1), transform 0.22s cubic-bezier(0.16, 1, 0.3, 1), visibility 0.22s;
  z-index: 150;
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: 4px;
  list-style: none;
  margin: 0;
}
[data-theme="light"] .nav-dropdown {
  background: #ffffff !important;
  border-color: #e2e8f0 !important;
  box-shadow: 0 16px 36px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.08) !important;
}
.nav-item.has-dropdown:hover .nav-dropdown,
.nav-item.has-dropdown:focus-within .nav-dropdown {
  opacity: 1;
  visibility: visible;
  transform: translateY(0);
}
.dropdown-link {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  padding: 0.55rem 0.85rem;
  border-radius: 8px;
  text-decoration: none;
  transition: all 0.2s ease;
}
.dropdown-link:hover {
  background: rgba(2, 132, 199, 0.08);
  transform: translateX(3px);
}
:root:not([data-theme="light"]) .dropdown-link:hover {
  background: rgba(56, 189, 248, 0.12);
}
.dropdown-title {
  font-size: 0.88rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  color: var(--heading-color);
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 0.5rem;
}
.dropdown-link:hover .dropdown-title {
  color: var(--primary-color);
}
.dropdown-desc {
  font-size: 0.75rem;
  color: var(--text-muted);
  font-weight: 500;
  margin-top: 2px;
  padding-left: 1.45rem;
}

/* Mobile Drawer Styles */
@media (max-width: 820px) {
  .nav-links {
    position: fixed;
    top: 0;
    right: -100%;
    width: 80%;
    max-width: 380px;
    height: 100vh;
    background: #172033;
    flex-direction: column;
    justify-content: flex-start;
    align-items: flex-start;
    gap: 1rem;
    padding: 5rem 1.8rem 2rem;
    transition: right 0.35s cubic-bezier(0.16, 1, 0.3, 1);
    z-index: 105;
    overflow-y: auto;
    box-shadow: -4px 0 24px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);
  }
  [data-theme="light"] .nav-links {
    background: #ffffff !important;
    border-left: 1px solid #e2e8f0;
  }
  .nav-links.active {
    right: 0;
  }
  .nav-item {
    width: 100%;
    flex-direction: column;
    align-items: flex-start;
  }
  .nav-link {
    font-size: 1.15rem;
    width: 100%;
    justify-content: space-between;
  }
  .nav-dropdown {
    position: static;
    opacity: 1;
    visibility: visible;
    transform: none;
    background: transparent !important;
    border: none !important;
    box-shadow: none !important;
    padding: 0.3rem 0 0.5rem 1rem;
    min-width: unset;
    width: 100%;
    border-left: 2px solid var(--card-border-color) !important;
    margin-top: 0.2rem;
  }
  .dropdown-link {
    padding: 0.4rem 0;
  }
  .dropdown-desc {
    padding-left: 1.25rem;
  }
}


/* ==========================================================================
   MASTER BULLETPROOF LIGHT-MODE HIGH-CONTRAST TYPOGRAPHY SYSTEM
   Zero washed-out text, solid readable headings, WCAG AAA contrast
   ========================================================================== */

[data-theme="light"] h1:not(.hero-name-animate),
[data-theme="light"] h2,
[data-theme="light"] h3,
[data-theme="light"] h4,
[data-theme="light"] h5,
[data-theme="light"] h6,
[data-theme="light"] .section-title,
[data-theme="light"] .card-title,
[data-theme="light"] .card-title-text,
[data-theme="light"] .spotlight-banner-title,
[data-theme="light"] .pillar-card h3,
[data-theme="light"] .featured-project-card h3,
[data-theme="light"] .award-card h3,
[data-theme="light"] .blog-hub-title,
[data-theme="light"] .category-heading,
[data-theme="light"] .gallery-intro h1,
[data-theme="light"] .project-header h1,
[data-theme="light"] .project-content h1,
[data-theme="light"] .project-content h2,
[data-theme="light"] .project-content h3 {
  color: #020617 !important;
  text-shadow: none !important;
  -webkit-text-fill-color: initial !important;
  background: none !important;
  font-weight: 800 !important;
}

[data-theme="light"] p,
[data-theme="light"] li,
[data-theme="light"] .section-subtitle,
[data-theme="light"] .card-description,
[data-theme="light"] .blog-excerpt,
[data-theme="light"] .pillar-card p,
[data-theme="light"] .featured-project-card p,
[data-theme="light"] .award-card p,
[data-theme="light"] .spotlight-banner-desc,
[data-theme="light"] .about-text p,
[data-theme="light"] .gallery-intro p,
[data-theme="light"] .project-content p,
[data-theme="light"] .project-content li {
  color: #1e293b !important;
}

[data-theme="light"] strong,
[data-theme="light"] b {
  color: #020617 !important;
  font-weight: 800 !important;
}

[data-theme="light"] .card-date,
[data-theme="light"] .card-meta-row,
[data-theme="light"] .stat-sub,
[data-theme="light"] .category-subtext,
[data-theme="light"] .category-count,
[data-theme="light"] .topic-btn-desc,
[data-theme="light"] .footer p,
[data-theme="light"] .dropdown-desc,
[data-theme="light"] .info-label,
[data-theme="light"] .stat-label {
  color: #334155 !important;
  font-weight: 600 !important;
}

[data-theme="light"] .stat-label {
  color: #020617 !important;
  font-weight: 800 !important;
}

[data-theme="light"] .tech-badge,
[data-theme="light"] .card-tag,
[data-theme="light"] .card-tag-pill,
[data-theme="light"] .filter-pill,
[data-theme="light"] .quick-chip {
  background: #f1f5f9 !important;
  border: 1px solid #cbd5e1 !important;
  color: #0f172a !important;
  font-weight: 600 !important;
}

[data-theme="light"] .doi-tag {
  background: #f0f9ff !important;
  border: 1px solid #0284c7 !important;
  color: #0369a1 !important;
  font-weight: 700 !important;
}

[data-theme="light"] a.card-link,
[data-theme="light"] a.card-action-link,
[data-theme="light"] .cta-button-small.btn-ghost {
  color: #0284c7 !important;
  font-weight: 700 !important;
}

[data-theme="light"] div[style*="background: rgba(255,255,255"],
[data-theme="light"] div[style*="background:rgba(255,255,255"] {
  background: #f8fafc !important;
  border-color: #cbd5e1 !important;
  color: #1e293b !important;
}
[data-theme="light"] div[style*="background: rgba(255,255,255"] *,
[data-theme="light"] div[style*="background:rgba(255,255,255"] * {
  color: #1e293b !important;
}
[data-theme="light"] div[style*="background: rgba(255,255,255"] h3,
[data-theme="light"] div[style*="background:rgba(255,255,255"] h3 {
  color: #020617 !important;
  font-weight: 800 !important;
}


/* === Definitive Light Mode Contrast Enforcements === */
[data-theme="light"] .hero-title {
  background: none !important;
  -webkit-background-clip: initial !important;
  -webkit-text-fill-color: #020617 !important;
  color: #020617 !important;
  text-shadow: none !important;
  font-weight: 800 !important;
}

[data-theme="light"] .hero-subtitle {
  color: #1e293b !important;
}

[data-theme="light"] .btn-ghost,
[data-theme="light"] .cta-button.btn-ghost,
[data-theme="light"] .cta-button-small.btn-ghost,
[data-theme="light"] .featured-cta.btn-ghost,
[data-theme="light"] a.btn-ghost {
  background: #f8fafc !important;
  border: 1.5px solid #cbd5e1 !important;
  color: #0f172a !important;
  font-weight: 700 !important;
  box-shadow: none !important;
}

[data-theme="light"] .btn-ghost:hover,
[data-theme="light"] .cta-button.btn-ghost:hover,
[data-theme="light"] .cta-button-small.btn-ghost:hover,
[data-theme="light"] .featured-cta.btn-ghost:hover,
[data-theme="light"] a.btn-ghost:hover {
  background: #0284c7 !important;
  border-color: #0284c7 !important;
  color: #ffffff !important;
  box-shadow: 0 4px 14px rgba(2, 132, 199, 0.25) !important;
}

[data-theme="light"] .hardware-spec-badge {
  background: #fef3c7 !important;
  border: 1px solid #f59e0b !important;
  color: #92400e !important;
  font-weight: 700 !important;
}

[data-theme="light"] .project-hero h1,
[data-theme="light"] .project-hero p,
[data-theme="light"] .project-hero span,
[data-theme="light"] .project-detail > div[style*="linear-gradient"] h1,
[data-theme="light"] .project-detail > div[style*="linear-gradient"] p,
[data-theme="light"] .project-detail > div[style*="linear-gradient"] span {
  color: #ffffff !important;
  -webkit-text-fill-color: #ffffff !important;
}

/* ==========================================================================
   TARGETED LIGHT MODE HIGH-CONTRAST FIXES: TABLES, POST BADGES & ACTION CTAS
   ========================================================================== */

/* 1. Universal Table System */
table {
  width: 100%;
  border-collapse: collapse;
  margin: 1.5rem 0;
}
.table-header-row th {
  background: rgba(10, 37, 64, 0.85);
  color: #ffffff;
  padding: 12px 14px;
  font-weight: 700;
  border: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.15);
}
td {
  padding: 10px 14px;
  border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.08);
}

[data-theme="light"] table {
  background: #ffffff !important;
  border: 1.5px solid #cbd5e1 !important;
  border-radius: 8px !important;
  box-shadow: 0 4px 14px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.04) !important;
}
[data-theme="light"] thead,
[data-theme="light"] thead tr,
[data-theme="light"] .table-header-row,
[data-theme="light"] tr[style*="rgba(10,37,64"],
[data-theme="light"] tr[style*="rgba(10, 37, 64"],
[data-theme="light"] tr[style*="border-bottom: 2px solid rgba(255,255,255"] {
  background: #f1f5f9 !important;
  border-bottom: 2px solid #cbd5e1 !important;
  color: #020617 !important;
}
[data-theme="light"] th {
  background: #f1f5f9 !important;
  color: #020617 !important;
  border: 1px solid #cbd5e1 !important;
  font-weight: 800 !important;
  padding: 12px 14px !important;
}
[data-theme="light"] td {
  background: #ffffff !important;
  color: #1e293b !important;
  border: 1px solid #e2e8f0 !important;
  padding: 10px 14px !important;
}
[data-theme="light"] td strong {
  color: #020617 !important;
  font-weight: 800 !important;
}
[data-theme="light"] td a {
  color: #0284c7 !important;
  font-weight: 700 !important;
  text-decoration: underline !important;
}
[data-theme="light"] tbody tr:hover td {
  background: #f8fafc !important;
}

/* 2. Homepage Featured Post Badges */
.post-badge {
  display: inline-block;
  padding: 4px 12px;
  border-radius: 20px;
  font-size: 0.75rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  margin-bottom: 0.65rem;
  letter-spacing: 0.03em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}
.badge-q1 { background: linear-gradient(135deg, #134e5e, #71b280); color: #ffffff; }
.badge-uav { background: linear-gradient(135deg, #0A2540, #00d2ff); color: #ffffff; }
.badge-clinical { background: linear-gradient(135deg, #1e3c72, #2a5298); color: #ffffff; }
.badge-openscience { background: linear-gradient(135deg, #667eea, #764ba2); color: #ffffff; }

[data-theme="light"] .badge-q1 {
  background: #ecfdf5 !important;
  border: 1.5px solid #059669 !important;
  color: #047857 !important;
}
[data-theme="light"] .badge-uav {
  background: #eff6ff !important;
  border: 1.5px solid #0284c7 !important;
  color: #0369a1 !important;
}
[data-theme="light"] .badge-clinical {
  background: #f5f3ff !important;
  border: 1.5px solid #7c3aed !important;
  color: #6d28d9 !important;
}
[data-theme="light"] .badge-openscience {
  background: #fffbeb !important;
  border: 1.5px solid #d97706 !important;
  color: #b45309 !important;
}

/* 3. Article Publication Action Buttons (ScienceDirect, PubMed, ORCID) */
.article-cta-btn {
  display: inline-block;
  padding: 0.75rem 1.6rem;
  border-radius: 8px;
  text-decoration: none;
  font-weight: 700;
  font-size: 0.95rem;
  margin-right: 1rem;
  margin-bottom: 0.75rem;
  transition: all 0.25s ease;
}
.article-cta-primary {
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, #134e5e, #71b280);
  color: #ffffff;
  box-shadow: 0 4px 14px rgba(19, 78, 94, 0.3);
}
.article-cta-secondary {
  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.08);
  border: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.2);
  color: var(--text-color);
}

[data-theme="light"] .article-cta-primary,
[data-theme="light"] a[href*="sciencedirect"],
[data-theme="light"] a[href*="doi.org/10.1016"] {
  background: #0284c7 !important;
  color: #ffffff !important;
  border: 1.5px solid #0284c7 !important;
  box-shadow: 0 4px 14px rgba(2, 132, 199, 0.25) !important;
}
[data-theme="light"] .article-cta-primary:hover,
[data-theme="light"] a[href*="sciencedirect"]:hover,
[data-theme="light"] a[href*="doi.org/10.1016"]:hover {
  background: #0369a1 !important;
  border-color: #0369a1 !important;
  color: #ffffff !important;
}

[data-theme="light"] .article-cta-secondary,
[data-theme="light"] a[href*="pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov"] {
  background: #f8fafc !important;
  border: 1.5px solid #cbd5e1 !important;
  color: #0f172a !important;
  font-weight: 700 !important;
}
[data-theme="light"] .article-cta-secondary:hover,
[data-theme="light"] a[href*="pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov"]:hover {
  background: #0284c7 !important;
  border-color: #0284c7 !important;
  color: #ffffff !important;
}

/* 4. Pre & Code Blocks */
pre {
  background: rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.9);
  border: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.1);
  border-radius: 10px;
  padding: 1.25rem;
  overflow-x: auto;
  font-family: 'JetBrains Mono', monospace;
  font-size: 0.9rem;
  line-height: 1.6;
  margin: 1.5rem 0;
  color: #f1f5f9;
}
code {
  font-family: 'JetBrains Mono', monospace;
  font-size: 0.88em;
  padding: 2px 6px;
  border-radius: 4px;
  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.08);
  color: var(--primary-color);
}
pre code {
  background: transparent;
  padding: 0;
  color: inherit;
}
[data-theme="light"] pre {
  background: #f8fafc !important;
  border: 1px solid #cbd5e1 !important;
  color: #0f172a !important;
  box-shadow: 0 2px 8px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.04);
}
[data-theme="light"] code {
  background: #f1f5f9 !important;
  border: 1px solid #e2e8f0 !important;
  color: #0284c7 !important;
}
[data-theme="light"] pre code {
  background: transparent !important;
  border: none !important;
  color: #0f172a !important;
}

/* Universal Card Badges in Light Mode */
[data-theme="light"] .badge-q1 {
  background: #ecfdf5 !important;
  border: 1.5px solid #059669 !important;
  color: #047857 !important;
}
[data-theme="light"] .badge-zenodo {
  background: #eff6ff !important;
  border: 1.5px solid #0284c7 !important;
  color: #0369a1 !important;
}
[data-theme="light"] .badge-doi {
  background: #f0f9ff !important;
  border: 1.5px solid #0284c7 !important;
  color: #0369a1 !important;
}
[data-theme="light"] .badge-research {
  background: #f5f3ff !important;
  border: 1.5px solid #7c3aed !important;
  color: #6d28d9 !important;
}
[data-theme="light"] .badge-award {
  background: #fff1f2 !important;
  border: 1.5px solid #e11d48 !important;
  color: #be123c !important;
}
[data-theme="light"] .badge-opensource {
  background: #f0fdf4 !important;
  border: 1.5px solid #16a34a !important;
  color: #15803d !important;
}
[data-theme="light"] .badge-tech {
  background: #f8fafc !important;
  border: 1.5px solid #64748b !important;
  color: #334155 !important;
}

/* Ultra-Refined Dynamic Aurora Shimmer Animation for Name */
/* Ultra-Vibrant Colorful Moving Liquid Gradient & Typing Effect for "Rudra Sarker" */
.hero-name-animate {
  font-family: 'Exo 2', sans-serif;
  font-size: clamp(2.4rem, 5.8vw, 3.6rem);
  font-weight: 800;
  letter-spacing: -0.02em;
  line-height: 1.15;
  margin-bottom: 0.65rem;
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  flex-wrap: nowrap;
  min-height: 1.25em;
  background: linear-gradient(
    135deg,
    #00f2fe 0%,
    #4facfe 20%,
    #ec4899 40%,
    #8b5cf6 60%,
    #10b981 80%,
    #00f2fe 100%
  );
  background-size: 300% 300%;
  -webkit-background-clip: text;
  -webkit-text-fill-color: transparent;
  background-clip: text;
  animation: dynamicNameFlow 4s linear infinite;
  text-shadow: 0 0 35px rgba(0, 242, 254, 0.45);
  transition: transform 0.35s cubic-bezier(0.16, 1, 0.3, 1), letter-spacing 0.35s ease;
  will-change: background-position;
  cursor: pointer;
}
.hero-name-animate:hover {
  transform: translateY(-2px) scale(1.02);
  letter-spacing: -0.005em;
  filter: drop-shadow(0 0 25px rgba(0, 242, 254, 0.6));
}

[data-theme="light"] .hero-name-animate {
  background: linear-gradient(
    135deg,
    #1d4ed8 0%,
    #7c3aed 25%,
    #db2777 50%,
    #0284c7 75%,
    #059669 90%,
    #1d4ed8 100%
  ) !important;
  background-size: 300% 300% !important;
  -webkit-background-clip: text !important;
  -webkit-text-fill-color: transparent !important;
  background-clip: text !important;
  animation: dynamicNameFlow 4s linear infinite !important;
  text-shadow: none !important;
  filter: drop-shadow(0 2px 10px rgba(37, 99, 235, 0.25));
}
[data-theme="light"] .hero-name-animate:hover {
  filter: drop-shadow(0 4px 16px rgba(37, 99, 235, 0.35));
}

@keyframes dynamicNameFlow {
  0% {
    background-position: 0% 50%;
  }
  50% {
    background-position: 100% 50%;
  }
  100% {
    background-position: 0% 50%;
  }
}

.typing-cursor {
  display: inline-block;
  margin-left: 3px;
  font-weight: 300;
  -webkit-text-fill-color: #00ffff;
  color: #00ffff;
  animation: cursorBlink 0.85s infinite ease-in-out;
  transition: opacity 0.5s ease;
}
[data-theme="light"] .typing-cursor {
  -webkit-text-fill-color: #2563eb !important;
  color: #2563eb !important;
}
@keyframes cursorBlink {
  0%, 100% { opacity: 1; transform: scaleY(1); }
  50% { opacity: 0; transform: scaleY(0.75); }
}

@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) {
  .hero-name-animate {
    animation: none !important;
    background-size: 100% !important;
  }
}